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Trophic cascade
Causation & process
An indirect species interaction originating with predators whose effects propagate downward through a food web across multiple trophic levels; cascades may operate through consumptive or nonconsumptive pathways.
Ripple, W. J., Estes, J. A., Schmitz, O. J., et al. (2016). What is a trophic cascade? Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 31(11), 842–849.
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